Light is the first source of energy of the plant with water and fertilizers. For those who remember their biology class, plants use light to turn fertilizers into molecules that are useful for their growth/flowering, which is what allows them to digest food.
But beware, the light is composed of several frequencies, Ultra Violet as Infrared is one of these frequencies. The plant needs certain specific frequencies, which are not found for example in standard lighting lamps (incandescent lamp).
The most effective light source is the sun, it is powerful, constant and free! Only in indoor culture is unusable. Plants growing behind a window will be puny because the windows let poorly the light spectrum (= frequency range) useful to the plant. So you should get full spectrum led grow lights which can satisfy the need of the growing plants.
There are two types of lights that are really recognized in the culture world: HPS, High-Pressure Sodium, and ECO lamps, which, as the name implies, are economical because they have no energy losses. There are also some types of neon, but their size and weaknesses impose a binding installation and they must be changed too often.
The most efficient lamps are HPS, only they require an external ballast and produce a lot of heat (huge loss of energy). The Ballast is the transformer that channels a constant current to the lamp, it is an important piece of electricity not to be taken lightly.
Some prefer ECO lamps under certain conditions, often to grow, for flowering they are often not powerful enough, so you have to store several, they are bigger than the HPS (because they contain their own Ballast) and in the end, consumption is not so economical anymore.
It is important that the space of culture reflects the light to distribute it everywhere, that is why the walls of your space must be covered with Mylar, pay attention to the similar materials but cheaper, they do not reflect all the luminous spectrum necessary.
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